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Cádiz |
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Cadiz
stands on a peninsula jutting out into a bay, and is almost
entirely surrounded by water. Named Gadir by the Phoencians,
who founded their trading post in 1100 BC, it was later controlled
by the Carthaginians, until it became a thriving Roman port.
According to mythology, it was Hercules who founded Gadir,
which means "closed site". In the V century BC,
the Carthaginians transform Cadiz into the power center of
their actions on the Peninsula. The Carthaginian leaders,
Amilcar Barca, Asdrubal and Hannibal, settle in Gades during
the Phoenician Wars. It sank into oblivion under the Visigoths
and Moors, but attained great splendour in the early 16th
century as a launching point for the journey to the newly
discovered lands of America. Cadiz was later raided by Sir
Francis Drake, in the struggle to gain control of trade with
the New World, and managed to withstand a siege by Napoleon's
army. In the early 19th century Cadiz became the bastion of
Spain's anti-monarchist, liberal movement, as a result of
which the country's first Constitution was declared here in
1812.
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Some
of the city's 18th century walls still stand, such as the Landward
Gate. The old, central quarter of Cadiz is famous for its picturesque
charm, and many of the buildings reflect the city's overseas
links. Worth a visit are the city's Cathedral and churches of
Santa Cruz and San Felipe Neri, which is famous throughout Spain
as the place where, in defiance of Napoleon's siege, the provisional
government was set up with its own liberal Constitution. Other
points of interest are La Santa Cueva, home to several paintings
by Goya, and stately mansions such as the Casa del Almirante
and Casa de las Cadenas.
The old city looks quite Moorish
in apperaance and is intriguing with narrow cobbled streets
opening onto small squares. The golden cupola of the cathedral
looms high above long white houses and the whole place has
a slightly dilapidated air. It just takes an hour to walk
around the headlands where you can visit the entire old town
and pass through some lovely parks with sweeping views of
the bay.
The carnival is the fiesta
of the people. It is a reaction against the abstentions and
prohibitions of all types. This fiesta attempts to break social
order and liberalise instincts, helped by wearing masks and
fancy dress. During the Civil War, General Franco abolished
the Carnival in rebel areas. After the war there was still
much opposition to the Carnival by the rulers so Franco abolished
the Carnival in 1937. It continued in however in Cadiz.
Carnival
Most towns and villages in
Andalucia celebrate their Carnival with some kind of parade
or procession where local groups of funny fellows make up
satirical songs about celebrities and big shots, which sends
the whole city into a state of frenzy.
The most important Carnival
is celebrated in Cadiz. Cadiz is a quiet and serene city on
the Andalucian coast, except when it plays host to Spain's
ultimate party. The fun began in the 17th century when the
city tried to keep up with the decadent carnival celebrations
in Venice. The crews of the Spanish galleons that brought
back gold and silver to Cadiz from the New World also brought
back a variety of musical influences that are still evident
at today's Carnival. African and Creole rhythms, sambas and
rustic Colombian tunes all intermingle in the streets with
local Andalusian songs and traditional flamenco music.
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Cadiz
is famous for the sense of humour of its citizens and Carnival
is a festival in which authority, politicians, celebrities
and the church are parodied and ridiculed. The central figures
here are the choirs, agrupaciones, groups of between three
and forty singers. Current events or personalities are mocked
in comic song. The Falla´s Contest is a Music festival
held in the Gran Teatro Falla before Carnival itself and,
to a certain extent, it is a relatively serious competition.
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